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64th  Congress  \  cT?M\rrT;^  I  Documknt 


INGRESS  \ 

essioii       J 


SENATE 


1st  Session      J  >.  .n.vn.  -^     No.  438 


INTERNATIONAL  HIGH  COMMISSION 


AN  ADDRESS 

DELIVERED 

AT  THE  CONFERENCE  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL 

HIGH  COMMISSION  AT  BUENOS  AIRES, 

ARGENTINA,  ON  APRIL  4,   1916 


BY 


HON.  W.   G.    McADOO 

r^ECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY 

AND  CHAIRMAN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  SECTION  OF 

THE  INTERNATIONAL  HIGH  COMMISSION 


SOUTHERN  BRANCH, 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

LIIJRARY, 

cos  AtS^atES.  CALIF. 


PRESENTED  BY  MR.  FLETCHER 

May   9,    1916.^0rcicrcd  to  be  printed 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1916 


INTERNATIONAL   HIGH  COMMISSION. 


ADDRESS  BY  HON.  W.  G.   McADOO. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  Chairman  of  the  United  States  Section  of  the  International  High 

Commission. 


Mr.  President,  Excellencies,  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Inter- 
national High  Commission  :  It  is  with  intcnso  satisfaction  and  pleas- 
ure that  the  members  of  the  United  States  section  of  the  Interna- 
tional High  Commission  find  themselves  in  this  beautiful  and  hos- 
pitable city,  the  capital  of  the  noble  Ivepublic  of  Argentina,  to  join 
their  colleagues  of  the  International  High  Commission  in  a  discus- 
sion of  the  vital  problems  that  have  brought  us  together.  We  aro 
fortunate  both  in  the  time  and  the  place  of  this  meeting.  In  the 
time,  because  the  necessity  for  the  measures  we  aro  trying  to  secure 
was  never  more  urgent;  and  in  the  place,  because  the  progressive 
and  stimulating  ideals  of  the  great  people  of  the  Argentine  have 
created  a  favorable  atmosphere  in  which  the  objects  of  the  com- 
mission's labors  will  be  sympathetically  nurtured  and  developed. 

the  international  high  commission. 

What  is  the  reason  for  the  International  High  Commission  ?  It  is 
the  necessity  for  a  continuing  agency  of  a  coordinating  and  directive 
character  to  accomplish,  through  the  action  of  the  several  American 
States,  the  important  reforms  which,  for  the  past  twenty-five  years,  suc- 
cessive Pan  American  conferences  have  vainly  recommended,  and  to 
bring  about  unity  of  action  concerning  numerous  ciuestions  which  have 
been  developed  by  the  progress  of  the  world  and  emphasized  by  the 
European  war. 

PAxV    AMERICAN    CONFERENCES. 

The  first  Pan  American  Conference  was  held  in  Washington  in 
1889  and  1890;  the  second  in  Mexico  City  in  1902;  the  third  in 
Rio  de  Janeiro  in  1906;  the  fourth  in  Buenos  Aires  in  1910;  and 
recently  the  Pan  American  E^inancial  Conference  in  Washington  in 
1915.  Upon  reading  the  proceedings  of  these  great  conferences,  all 
brilliantly  intellectual  and  interesting,  one  is  struck  with  the  immense 
educationar  value  of  their  w^ork  and  the  soundness  of  their  conclu- 
sions and  recommendations.  Many  of  the  most  important  subjects 
on  the  program  of  the  present  International  High  Commission  were 
clarified  and  simplified  by  these  conferences  to  such  an  extent  that 
the  labors  of  this  commission  will  be  greatly  lessened.  Our  prede- 
cessors discussed  arbitration  of  boundary  disputes;  the  general  doc- 
trine of  the  gold  standard;  the  necessity  for  uniformity  of  customs 
regulations  and  classifications  of  merchandise;  uniformity  of  laws 
respecting  bills  of  exchange;  trade-marks,  copyrights,  and  patents; 
banking  facilities;  improved  ocean  transportation  facilities ;  the 
completion  of  an  intercontinental  railway  connecting  the  Northern 
and  vSouthern  Continents.  vSomo  of  the  new  cpu^stions  m.c,  are  to 
consider  are  those  relating  to  ])ills  of  lading  and  warehouse  rec(M|»ts; 
arbitration  of  commercial  disputes;  stal)ilizati(>n  of  international 
exchange;  exploitation  of  petroleum  and  mineral  coiiibustibles; 
improved  cable  facilities,  reduced  cable  rates,  and  wireless  1oleg;aphy; 
the  need  for  unifying  protective  legislation  in  behalf  of  labor  and 

3 

>x  ^  451.647 


4  INTERNATIONAL   HIGH    COMMISSION. 

laboring  classes.  So  that  vrc  arc  not  entering  altogether  upon  orig- 
inal work  in  the  discussions  that  are  before  us. 

In  spite  of  the  higlily  educational  work  of  these  conferences,  prac- 
tical results  have  been  small.  After  twenty-live  years  we  have  sub- 
stantially the  same  problems;  they  are  still  unsolved;  they  remain  a 
challenge  to  the  constructive  intelligence  and  enterprise  of  all  the 
people  of  the  American  States. 

Wluxt  has  been  the  chief  reason  for  this  failure?  The  answer 
seems  clear.  Not  one  of  the  conferences  perfected  an  active  organ- 
ization under  a  central  direction  to  continue  the  work  in  the  intervals 
and  light  unremittinglv  for  the  removal  of  the  difficulties  which  have 
stood  in  the  way  of  tliat  wholesome  and  extensive  development  of 
inter-American  relations,  commercial,  social,  and  political,  fore- 
ordained as  the  destiny  of  the  American  Republics. 

Resolutions  of  ])odies  of  able  and  brilliant  men  are  inherently 
effective  only  when  they  arouse  those  tidal  waves  of  human  interest 
and  enthusiasm  which,  by  their  very  momentum,  carry  the  issues  to 
success.  It  is  seldom  that  such  things  occur.  History  records  few 
instances  of  this  sort,  but  it  records  many  instances  of  achievement 
through  persistent  and  intelligently  organized  effort. 

THE  FUTUEE  OF  THE  AMERICAS. 

The  outbreak  of  the  European  war  accentuated  many  of  our 
problems  and  brought  clearly  home  to  the  American  Republics  the 
danger  of  complete  dependence  upon  the  great  European  States  for 
their  economic  develo]:)ment  and  commercial  security.  All  of  them, 
including  the  United  states,  faced  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  possi- 
bilities of  appalling  disaster.  That  experience  clearly  shows  the 
imperative  necessity  for  closer  relations  between  the  American  States 
themselves  and  a  more  enduring  organization  of  their  own  life  in 
order  that  they  may  work  out  their  destinies,  freed  as  far  as  possible 
from  the  dangers  which  constantly  menace  their  economic  develop- 
ment througli  Euro))ean  complications.  It  was  essential  in  these 
circumstances  that  the  American  nations  should  take  measures  for 
their  own  protection;  that  they  should  reconstruct,  as  far  as  practi- 
cable, their  commercial  and  financial  ix'lationships  for  the  security  of 
their  own  interests  and  the  welfare  of  their  people.  It  was  not  from 
any  desire  to  take  advantage  of  the  misfortunes  of  the  great  nations  of 
Europe  witli  whicli  the  ties  of  friendship  and  commercial  intercourse 
have  been  so  strongly  developed.  These  ties  must  continue,  not  only 
because  we  desire  it  but  because  we  wish  to  serve  Europe  while  we  serve 
om-selves.  To  do  this  we  nuist  nuike  ourselves  so  strong  that  when 
the  smoke  of  battle  has  cleared  and  peace  is  restored  to  those  stricken 
lands  we  nuiy  aid   them  us  they  have  aided  us  in  our  time  of  need. 

Wbih'  thes*'  are  our  j)urj)oses,  we  should  not  be  bhnd  to  the 
fact  that  e((>n(»mic  ciianges  of  a  revolutionary  character  must  follow 
the  colossal  coullict  now  in  |)rogress  and  force  readjustments  of 
inU'mationiil  relatit)nships  throughout  the  entire  world.  When 
Ibis  time  comes  the  American  nations  nuist  not  be  unprepared;  they 
must  begin  now  tosbajx'  their  own  future:  they  must  talve  measures 
not  only  to  >^ec\nT.  their  own  interests  but  to  put  themselves  in 
position  to  relieve  the  heavily  l)ur<leiied  nations  of  Euro|)e  of  many 
dt-m.-iiids  they  have  heretofore  inade  upon  them.  It  stands  to 
reason  that  the  destruetion  of  capital  and  property  and  life  during 
this  great  war  will  leave  the  contending  nations  prostrated  for  many 


INTERNATIONAL   niGH   COMMISSION.  5 

years.  During  the  time  of  their  recuperation  they  will  be  unable 
to  play  the  important  part  in  the  economic  development  of  the 
American  States  which  tliey  have  played  in  the  past.  The  noblest 
concepts  of  duty  and  friendship  dictate  that  we  should  help  them 
when  the  time  comes  to  bind  up  their  wounds  and  repair  their  losses. 
The  attempt  to  organize  the  resources  of  the  American  States  ig 
conceived,  therefore,  in  no  selfish  or  unfriendly  spirit.  It  is  inspired 
by  the  highest  motives  of  good  will;  it  proceeds  from  a  noble  purpose 
to  marshal  their  resources  and  make  them  in  the  highest  degree 
available  for  the  best  service  of  manldud  throughout  the  world. 

now  TO  ACHIEVE  PRACTICAL  RESULTS. 

It  was  in  view  of  these  weighty  considerations  and  the  necessity  for 
early  and  positive  action  that  the  Pan  American  Financial  Conference 
was  called  to  convene  in  Washington  in  May,  1915.  It  was  the  firm 
resolve  of  those  who  directed  that  conference  that  a  permanent  organ- 
ization should  be  created  and  charged  with  the  duty  of  carrying  into 
effect  its  conclusions  and  recommendations.  This  International  High 
Commission,  appointed  by  each  of  the  American  States,  is  the  machin- 
ery devised  by  that  conference  for  this  purpose.  The  financial  confer- 
ence reaffirmed  the  necessity  for  action  upon  the  various  subjects  which 
this  commission  is  here  to  discuss,  but  left  it  to  this  commission  to  suggest 
the  necessary  laws  and  urge  their  enactment  by  the  interested  States. 

The  work  of  the  International  High  Commission  will  ])e  the  connect- 
ing link  between  the  successive  Pan  American  Financial  Conferences 
which,  for  my  part,  I  earnestly  IwpQ  may  become  a  part  of  tlie  per- 
manent poUcy  of  the  American  States.  If  such  a  linancial  confer- 
ence shall  be  held  every  two  years,  with  the  International  Hifjjh  Com- 
mission as  the  intermediate  worlcing  body  to  carrv  into  effect  the 
conclusions  of  these  conferences,  we  will  no  longer  live  in  the  realm 
of  theories,  but  vnll  make  practical  results  of  every  conference  certam. 
The  work  of  these  financial  conferences  and  of  their  adjunct,  the 
International  High  Commission,  is  not  of  a  diplomatic  character. 
It  does  not,  therefore,  involve  any  conflict  with  the  diplomatic  organi- 
zation of  the  different  States.  Its  problems  are  not  political;  they 
are  distinctively  financial  and  commercial,  and  these  are  not  primarily 
the  subjects  of  diplomacy.  It  follows  as  an  inevitable  corollary  that 
there  is  no  conflict  between  the  Pan  American  Union  and  the  Pan 
American  Financial  Conference  and  the  International  High  Commis- 
sion. I  am  sure  that  I  express  the  views  of  each  and  all  of  you  when 
I  say  that  the  Pan  American  Union  is  realizing  the  high  purpose  for 
which  it  was  created  in  the  most  thorougli  and  satisfactory  manner. 

The  importance  of  its  contribution  to  international  relations  and 
to  the  service  of  interests  of  the  most  diversilied  types  can  not  bo 
exaggerated.  This  useful  and  splendid  union  is  l)ut  in  the  infancy 
of  its  career,  and  I  am  sure  that  its  work,  under  the  wise  guidance 
of  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  the  Pan  American  States,  will 
continue  to  serve  in  the  highest  degree  the  best  interests  of  the 
American  States  in  the  field  in  which  it  labors. 

PERMANENT  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  INTrOKXATIONAL  HIGH  COMMISSION. 

The  United  States  Section  of  tho  Intornationai  High  Commission 
has  been  established  by  act  of  the  Congress  and  th?  necessary  funds 
have  been  appropriated  to  enable  it  to  maintain  its  oi-ganization  and 


^  cr  .^  /^  ^  K*^ 


6  IXTERXATIONAL    HIGH    COMMISSION. 

do  tho  work  for  which  it  was  created.  Presumably  each  country 
represented  lierc  has  taken  simihxr  action  with  respect  to  its  own 
commission. 

How  should  the  commission  itself  organize  most  effectively  ?  If  I 
may  be  permitted  to  suggest,  I  would  say  that  each  section  should 
have  a  permanent  chairman  and  secretary,  with  headquarters  in 
some  convenient  city,  preferably  the  capital  of  its  own  country. 
These  various  sections  should  be  coordinated  and  directed  through  a 
central  organization,  consisting  of  a  president,  a  vice  j^resident,  and 
a  secretary  general  of  the  International  High  Commission  itself, 
whose  headcpiarters  should  be  in  the  capital  of  the  country  of  which 
such  president,  vice  president,  and  secretary  general  are  citizens. 
This  central  organization  should  l)c  charged  with  the  general  direc- 
tion of  tlie  work  and  keep  in  constant  touch  with  each  section  of  the 
International  High  Commission.  By  this  kind  of  cooperative  effort 
we  should  endeavor  to  secure  from  the  Governments  concerned  ap- 
proval of  the  measures  which  may  be  agreed  upon  and  recommended 
at  the  present  session  of  the  International  High  Commission. 

ELIMINATE    BARRIERS    TO    TRADE    AND    COMMERCE. 

In  the  light  of  past  experience  and  present  necessity  surely  such 
reforms  as  are  j^ossible  ought  to  be  accomplished  now,  if  they  can  be 
accomplished  at  all.  They  are  so  manifestly  in  the  interest  and  to 
the  advantage  of  each  one  of  the  American  States  that  a  determined 
effort  should  be  made  to  secure  prompt  and  conclusive  action.  Why 
should  we,  from  indifl'erence  or  nep;lect,  continue  laws,  regulations, 
or  practices  wliich  operate  to  the  cletriment  of  our  respective  coun- 
tries? Wliy  should  we  maintain  barriers  in  the  way  of  proper 
development  of  our  trade  and  commerce  when,  by  a  mere  stroke  of 
the  pen,  so  to  speak,  we  can  destroy  them?  Why  should  we  dimm- 
ish, if  we  do  not  actually  prevent,  the  prosperity  of  millions  of  our 
fcUow  human  beings  in  the  various  nations  of  the  Americas  because 
we  do  not  permit  that  fair  play  of  economic  forces  which,  if  released, 
would  promote  the  prosperity  of  all  ? 

These  objects  can  not  be  attained  in  short  order.  Their  very  mag- 
nitude and  complexit}^  involve  patience,  persistence,  zeal,  and  deter- 
mination. What  we  seek  is  not  impossible,  as  some  pessimists  insist. 
We  have  the  power  to  make  the  seemingly  impossible  possible,  if  we 
know  what  we  want  and  are  resolved  to  achieve  it.  Let  us,  therefore, 
gentlemen,  devote  ourselves  with  all  of  the  energy,  intelligence,  and 
enthusiasm  we  can  command  to  the  benevolent  tasks  before  us.  Let 
us  proceed  with  the  unaltera])le  determination  to  translate  these  con- 
clusions into  the  law  of  our  respective  States.  Let  it  not  be  said  that 
wc  have  failed,  as  our  predecessors  have  failed,  to  secure  the  remedies 
after  we  liave  ascertained  what  the  remedies  ought  to  be.  W>  have  a 
great  and  inspiring  opportunity  to  render  a  service  of  incalculable 
benefit  to  all  of  tlie  nations  of  the  Western  Hemisphere — an  oppor- 
tunity tlnU  ai)p('als  to  the  imagination,  tlnills  the  blood,  and  enobles 
the  thought.  Let  us  determine  our  program  and  go  forward  with  the 
inflexible  coura*:;!'  and  high  ])ur|)ose  of  a  San  Alartin,  a  Bolivar,  an 
Artigas.  an  O'liijjgins,  a  Washington,  and  success  can  not  escape  us. 

Laws  alone  will  not.  (»f  course,  create  conmierce  or  })ring  i)ros])erity, 
althou;ih  laws  alone  frcfiuently  destroy  commerce  and  prevent  pros- 
perity; but  benelifcnt  laws  will  encourage  commerce  and  contribute 
to  pro-pcritv  by  crf-ating  the  conditions  und(M-  which  the  individual 


INTERNATIONAL   HIGH   COMMISSION.  7 

may  work  with  security  of  lifo  and  property  and  en<:jago  in  iiiferna' 
tional  trade  ^yithout  needless  impediments.  This  bein^  done,  indi- 
vidual initiative  and  enterprise  must  always  be  relied  upon  as  Iho 
chief  factor  to  do  the  rest. 

THE    FOUNDATIONS    OK    PROSPERITY. 

Trade  between  the  peoples  of  the  different  nations  of  the  earth 
rests  upon  the  fundamentals  of  mutual  confidence,  p;ood  will,  and 
respect.  Nations,  like  individuals,  find  in  the  ties  of  friendshij)  (ho 
best  guaranty  of  peaceful  and  profitable  intercourse.  llaj)pily  the 
fundamental  of  friendship  already  exists  between  the  American 
States,  and  we  owe  it  to  ourselves  to  reinforce  that  friendship  with 
laws  so  harmonious  that  the  citizens  of  our  respective  countries  may 
have  the  fairest  and  freest  opportunity  to  cultivate  the  most  intimate 
relations  with  each  other. 

When  this  is  done  North  American  capital  in  abundance  will 
seek  opportunity  to  assist  in  the  development  of  your  wonderful  re- 
sources. I  imagine  that  the  assistance  of  North  American  capital  in 
your  development  will  not  be  regarded  as  harmful  to  your  interests. 
On  the  contrary,  will  it  not  be  a  helpful  and  conserving  influence, 
beneficial  alike  to  Latin  America  and  to  European  investors  in 
Latin  America,  if  your  development  shall  not  be  arrested  or  re- 
tarded for  want  of  adequate  capital?  It  is  because  we  wish  to  use 
the  power  and  resources  of  our  country  to  help  our  neighbors,  and 
because  by  helping  them  to  strengthen  themselves  wo  steadily 
approach  the  realization  of  that  ideal  of  American  unity  whiclr 
has  been  for  generations  the  dream  of  statesmen  of  both  conti- 
nents, that  we  are  striving  to  do  what  our  President  so  nobly  ex- 
pressed in  his  speech  to  the  Pan  American  Financial  Conference 
m  Washington,  May,  1915,  when  he  said,  "We  are  not  trying  to  mako 
use  of  each  other,  but  we  arc  trying  to  be  of  use  to  one  another." 
Tills  is  the  spirit  of  our  national  policy;  this  is  the  very  essence  of 
international  morality — the  Golden  Rule  of  international  intercourse. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

The  problem  of  ocean  transportation  to  which  the  Argentine 
Minister  of  Finance  has  referred  is,  beyond  doubt,  of  paramount 
importance.  For  many  years  the  American  nations  have  blindly 
ignored  their  economic  security,  if  not  their  physical  safety,  by 
depending  almost  entirely  upon  foreign  ships  for  the  transportation 
of  their  deep-sea  commerce.  Now,  when  a  great  war  involves  the 
leading  maritime  nations  upon  whose  flags  they  relied,  they  find 
themselves  without  the  essential  means  of  protecting  their  own 
interests.  We  must  correct  this  situation.  Tlio  American  nations 
must  quickly  find  the  way  of  creating  a  merchant  marine  of  ample 
proportions  to  secure  forever  their  physical  and  economic  safety. 
The  completion  of  the  missing  links  of  the  great  intercontinental 
railway  is  also  of  supreme  importance  and  should  be  considered  an 
indispensable  feature  of  inter-American  policy. 

THE    UNITED    STATES    AND    LATIX    AMERICA. 

It  is  a  significant  and  felicitous  fact  that  the  essential  fundamental 
of  friendship  and  mutual  respect  has  always  existed  between  the 
United  States  and  the  Latin  American  Republics.     With  the  exccp- 


8  INTERNATIONAL    HIGH    COMMISSION. 

tion  of  the  War  with  Mexico  in  1S47,  the  great  Repiibhc  of  the  North 
has  been  at  peace  with  every  Central  and  South  American  State  from 
the  beginning  of  their  existence  to  the  present  time. 

The  United  States  has  consistently  and  unceasingly  manifested 
(k^ep  interest  in  the  weliare  of  the  Latin  American  Republics,  This 
found  its  first  expression  in  the  Monroe  doctrine,  enunciated  by  one  of 
our  great  Presidents  not  only  for  the  protection  of  the  United  States, 
but  for  the  jjreservation  of  the  strugglmg  Republics  of  the  Western 
Hemisphere  in  the  days  of  their  infancy. 

More  recentl}'  the  Goveniment  of  the  United  States  has  given  fresh 
and  convincing  evidence  of  its  friendly  attitude  toward  and  its  high 
appreciation  of  the  Latin  American  States.  In  the  unfortunate 
complications  in  Mexico  we  have  accepted  the  friendly  advice  and 
assistance  of  the  Republics  of  South  America.  It  was  the  ambas- 
sadors of  Argentina,  Brazil,  and  Chile  and  the  ministers  of  Bolivia, 
Uruguay,  and  Guatemala  who,  in  response  to  the  request  of  our 
Government,  contributed  so  patrioticalh",  unselfishly,  and  nobly  to 
the  effort  to  solve  the  Mexican  problem  with  due  regard  to  the  rights 
of  the  nations  and  the  interests  of  the  people  of  suffering  Mexico. 

These  notable  events  have  given  new"  point  and  importance  to 
uiter-American  relations.  They  have  served  to  make  more  convinc- 
ing and  clear  the  attitude  of  the  United  States  toward  all  the  nations 
of  the  Westeni  Hemis])here.  They  have  reaffirmed  those  noble  sen- 
timents of  friendship  expressed  by  our  great  President  in  his  speech 
at  Mobile  in  1913,  and  have  given  new  emphasis  to  his  statement  on 
that  occasion  that  the  United  States  ''will  never  again  seek  one 
additional  foot  of  territory  by  conquest."  To  this  added  force  has 
been  given  by  the  recent  declarations  of  our  illustrious  President  and 
our  distinguished  Secretary  of  State  in  favor  of  mutual  guarantees  of 
the  territorial  integrity  and  political  independence  under  republican 
forms  of  government  of  every  nation  of  the  American  Continent. 

With  such  guarantees  we  do  not  have  to  live  in  fear  of  each  other; 
we  do  not  have  to  suspect  each  other;  wo  do  not  need  to  arm  against 
each  other,  because  so  long  as  there  is  assurance  against  loss  of  ter- 
ritory or  independence  by  any  nation  on  this  continent  we  can  work  out 
our  desthiies  in  peace,  undisturbed  by  internal  fear  or  external  aggres- 
sion. Contrast  this  with  the  state  of  affairs  in  unhappy  Europe,  where 
race  oppressions,  race  hatreds,  national  vrrongs,  extentUng  through  the 
centuries,  have  created  the  disastrous  conditions  of  mutual  (hstrust 
and  suspicion  which  have  turned  the  leading  nations  into  armed  camps 
and  precipitated  the  most  colossal  conflict  in  the  history  of  time. 

It  would  seem  as  if  in  the  very  wisdom  of  God  the  American  Conti- 
nent was  created  as  a  refuge  where  men  of  all  nations  might,  in  the 
spirit  of  true  fraternity,  build  new  States,  dedicated  to  liberty,  jus- 
tice, and  liumanity,  as  an  example  to  the  woi'ld  of  the  regenerative 
forces  of  mankind;  where,  freed  from  the  passions  and  hatreds  of  cen- 
turies, they  may  (lemonstrate  the  ability  of  man  to  live  in  peace  and 
amity,  exemplifying  the  loftiest  ideals  of  liberty  and  humanity,  set- 
tlhig  no  disj)ut('S  ];y  the  sword  })ut  by  the  light  of  God's  justice'alone, 
and  developing  a  civilization  which  will  fullill  the  mission  for  which 
Christ  died  more  than  1,900  years  ago.  God  grant  that  our  beloved 
America  may  realize  this  dream  and  stand,  for  time  and  eternity,  as 
the  examplar  and  champion  of  international  rectitude  and  honor! 

O 
UWVBKSl'i  Y  ot  CALUbUKNlA 
AT      . 
L.  S  ANGELES 


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